when to see a pulmonologist for cough

Call (925) 329-3718 to schedule an appointment, or just walk in any weekday from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. . Although people often use all three terms interchangeably, there is a slight difference between them. - FAQS Clear Diseases commonly evaluated and treated by pulmonologists include asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), emphysema, lung cancer, interstitial and occupational lung diseases, complex lung and pleural infections including tuberculosis, pulmonary hypertension, and cystic fibrosis. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. After they finish training, the specialists can become board-certified when they pass a test from the American Board of Internal Medicine. They can help a person find the right treatment and identify any triggers of the condition. Treating coughing up phlegm depends on the underlying cause and may require contacting a doctor. Infants can die from whooping cough. The most common places that lung cancer spreads are: Symptoms of metastasized lung cancer include: You may have other symptoms, depending on the organ where the cancer has spread. Cough in adults. Marelize Wilke Comments Bookmark When does your cough require specialist attention? If you can hear mucus when your child is breathing, it probably is not a cause for concern. Learn more about oncologists, pulmonologists, and other specialists. However, a cough that persists for weeks is usually the result of a medical problem. If in doubt, call your child's healthcare provider. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For the first time since records began, the number of women diagnosed with lung cancer in the UK is to overtake the number of men this year, according to a Cancer Research UK analysis for the Guardian. A chronic cough can interrupt your sleep and leave you feeling exhausted. OSA and chronic respiratory disease: Mechanisms and epidemiology. A simple cough associated with allergies or a cold shouldn't send you looking for a pulmonary specialist. Let the room steam up, and sit in it for about 15 minutes. Symptoms may include: Cough, often called smoker's cough In some cases, a cough may be a side effect of the lung cancer treatment. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. When determining the cause of your cough, certain characteristics may be more associated with lung cancer than others. Colds are the result of a respiratory virus, the most common being rhinovirus. The moisture helps open the airways to relieve dry cough. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could Pulmonologists are doctors who focus on the diseases and conditions that affect the respiratory system. Coughing has a purpose. Does your cough bring up mucus? That's why healthcare providers don't usually recommend trying to suppress a child's cough unless it's making it hard for them to rest or breathe. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press, Book: Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 5th Edition, Newsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter Digital Edition, A feeling of liquid running down the back of your throat (postnasal drip), Aspiration (food in adults; foreign bodies in children), Bronchiectasis (damaged, dilated airways), Bronchiolitis (inflammation of the very small airways of the lung), Laryngopharyngeal reflux (stomach acid flows up into the throat), Nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (airway inflammation not caused by asthma), Sarcoidosis (collections of inflammatory cells in different parts of your body, most commonly the lungs), Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (chronic scarring of the lungs due to an unknown cause), Loss of bladder control (urinary incontinence). Learn more about air pollution and its effects on health here. Lareau SC, et al. While it can sometimes be difficult to pinpoint the problem that's triggering a chronic cough, the most common causes are tobacco use, postnasal drip, asthma and acid reflux. Croft JB, et al. It causes the small air sacs in the lung, or alveoli, to become inflamed and fill with fluid. Pneumonia can cause a cough that brings up mucus. Watch in Spanish Call the Lung HelpLine Our Lung HelpLine is answering questions about COVID-19. The tube has a light and small camera attached to give a closer look at your lungs and airways. Water with lemon. The following causes, alone or in combination, are responsible for the majority of cases of chronic cough: Less commonly, chronic cough may be caused by: Being a current or former smoker is one of the leading risk factors for chronic cough. Never give a child OTC medicines that are meant to be taken by adults. Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441938/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519548/, https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/related-conditions/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease, https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-failure/warning-signs-of-heart-failure, https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/wellness/cough/learn-about-cough, https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/lung-disease, https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/08/marvels-mucus-phlegm, https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumonia, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6355924/, https://www.aafa.org/rhinitis-nasal-allergy-hayfever/, https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html, https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/treating, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7668462/. However, it is important to see a doctor if symptoms persist for longer than 10 days or become severe. a cough that is either dry or productive (it produces mucus) a cough that interferes with sleep coughing up blood ( hemoptysis) chest pain alongside coughing shortness of breath lung. If a person has a cough that produces blood, it is even more urgent that they contact a doctor, as the underlying cause could be serious. Dr. Kirlew practices at Piedmont Physicians Buckhead, located at 35 Collier Road Northwest, Suite 775, Atlanta, GA 30309. If youre worried about a lingering cough, speak with your doctor to discuss possible causes and treatment. Interventional pulmonology, the branch that involves medical procedures, is a growing field. Pediatrics. Your cough may be benign or may be associated with any number of underlying diseases. You may need to take your child to the pediatrician to figure out what is causing their cough and get them a treatment that will help. Exposure to irritants, especially cigarette smoke or harsh fumes, can also increase coughing. A cough is a reflex that your body uses to clear your airways and protect your lungs from foreign materials and infection. Overview When you have bronchitis, your bronchi get inflamed and fill with mucus. After you complete your fellowship, you must pass a certification exam by a specialty board. There are different classifications of coughs. The respiratory system includes the organs that help you breathe. Lung transplant. Coughs can also be classified as productive or nonproductive. Learn more about oncologists, pulmonologists, and other specialists. All rights reserved. Conventional treatments are drugs to suppress coughing and relieve pain. Terms of Use. Image via Pexels. Do reading, puzzles, and similar activities really stave off dementia? Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. "Chronic coughs are a huge reason why patients go to see their primary care doctor. Difficulty breathing, especially while youre exercising, Work-related lung diseases (such as those affecting workers exposed to. Children and adults often cough more at night. (2022). (2011). Controversies in the evaluation and management of chronic cough. In this article, learn about natural remedies and how to cope with symptoms at, A chronic cough is one that lasts for 8 weeks in adults or 4 weeks in children. However, if it doesn't help and your child is still coughing and having trouble breathing, go to the ER right away. "It can be hard to diagnose the cause of a cough at home, so I recommend seeing your doctor to have them clarify what's going on," she says. And sometimes, you need to get them to the emergency room. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2016. https://www.clinicalkey.com. If you have a cough that won't go away, call your doctor. For example, if you have a cold, the phlegm may last for a week or two. Kellerman RD, et al. They might suggest that you try breathing exercises to improve shortness of breath. They could refer you to counseling if your symptoms cause you anxiety or depression. Your cough can last days to a couple of weeks. COPD. All rights reserved. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Paul IM, Beiler JS, King TS, Clapp ER, Vallati J, Berlin CM. Thats why its important to know when to see a doctor or healthcare professional for a cough. In many cases, the cause will not be serious, though it might still require treatment. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. However, a child's cough that doesn't go away can also be a sign that they're having breathing trouble. Shim J, et al. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Pulmonary embolism is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when a blood clot in the legs ( deep vein thrombosis) breaks off and travels to the lungs. Consumer Reports. Different types of cough vary in how long they last. Adults should get a booster (Tdap)especially if they are pregnant or have young children at home. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. you are over age 60 Symptoms of a pulmonary nodule Pulmonary nodules don't cause symptoms. Pertussis, commonly called whooping cough, causes a fast cough and a "whoop" sound when a child takes a breath. This is particularly important with more serious symptoms, such as coughing up blood. Heart failure is a serious condition that requires immediate medical treatment. Chronic cough: Evaluation and management. 2002;165(5):708-712. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.165.5.2102115. What does green, yellow, or brown phlegm mean? Itasca, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2018. A spot on the lungs can be caused by a pulmonary nodule. Over-the-counter decongestants and other products can help with some symptoms in the meantime. Learn the common types of chronic lung disease, their causes, risk factors, what to do to avoid them, and when you need to talk with a doctor. Theres currently no cure for metastasized lung cancer, so early diagnosis is key. Or they might take care of very ill patients in the hospital, some of whom need a ventilator to breathe. Learn how long coughs last for different conditions and when to see a, A metallic taste when coughing often results from frequent coughing and mucus buildup from a cold. These are small, round growths on the lungs smaller than 3 centimeters in diameter. Both types of bronchitis cause a cough that brings some mucus up with it. Learn about 19 simple home remedies that can reduce mucus and phlegm. Certain conditions, such as pulmonary vascular disease, can first affect the respiratory system but go on to affect other areas of the body. Other symptoms of bronchitis include: It is possible to treat most cases of acute bronchitis at home with rest and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen. A wide variety of factors can cause a cough. Sometimes, phlegm can become thick and bothersome. BASS Advanced Urgent Care has cough solutions for you. Croup is most common in children under the age of 8. Learn about types, stridor in children vs. adults, and more. The body attempts to clear these substances by creating more mucus to cough up. Some remedies include the following: These home remedies should only be used for mild coughs. Thompson DA. Less common symptoms of lung cancer include: Changes in the appearance of your fingers, such as becoming more curved or their ends becoming larger (this is known as finger clubbing). Accessed May 8, 2019. It is not unusual to cough up phlegm with a common cold. Click here for an email preview. Facilitating early diagnosis of lung cancer amongst primary care patients: The views of GPs. Though there are usually no signs initially, symptoms such as wheezing and a persistent cough can emerge over time. An acute cough is defined as lasting less than 3 weeks. But the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that in some cases, it can be wet. Symptoms and other factors associated with time to diagnosis and stage of lung cancer: A prospective cohort study. (2019). A toddler coughing at night is usually from a minor cause, such as a common cold. Classification of cough as a symptom in adults and management algorithms: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. By Kristina Duda, RN First, take them to the bathroom and turn on the hot water in the shower. Coughs are one of the most common reasons people see a doctor. What is aspiration pneumonia? In one study, coughing up blood was the strongest predictor of lung cancer, but fewer than 5 percent of people reported it as an early symptom. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Chowienczyk S, et al. It can also be a sign of asthma. Then they spend two more years learning about pulmonary disease. Pulmonologists also measure how much oxygen your body is getting. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29094873/, Morice AH, et al. The common cold in children: Management and prevention. Heart failure signs and symptoms. The incubation period for COVID-19 can be between 2 to 14 days with an average of 5 to 6 days. This irritation can cause a cough with excess phlegm. Kids under the age of 2 should not be given OTC cold medicines that have a decongestant or antihistamine in them because they can cause a rapid heart rate and/or convulsions. At-home care can often ease a cough. Knowing which symptoms to look out for at home can help a person know when to . Coughing can cause a variety of problems, including: Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Journal of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. GERD can occur due to dysfunction in the lower esophageal sphincter, a hiatal hernia, or dysfunction in the esophagus. Exposure to certain irritants, such as smoke and other fumes, can irritate the airway. Anaphylaxis can quickly become severe and requires immediate medical attention. changes in your coughs intensity or production of mucus, hoarseness or other changes in your voice, pneumonia or other recurrent lung problems, identification and treatment of any coexisting conditions associated with your cough, endobronchial-brachytherapy, a new treatment that focuses high-dose radiation on tumors, use of demulcents, substances that coat and soothe mucous membranes, use of opiates, when other remedies have failed, use of other drugs, such as levodropropizine, moguisteine, levocloperastine, or sodium cromoglycate, use of local anesthetics, such as lidocaine/bupivacaine or benzonatate, participation in randomized controlled trials of new drugs that may help control a cough, such as diazepam, gabapentin, carbamazepine, baclofen, amitriptyline, and thalidomide. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Hot or cold, it keeps you hydrated and loosens up stuffiness and congestion. 2019;40:157. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. If a cough brings up phlegm or mucus it is called a productive cough and could suggest pneumonia, bronchitis or the flu. If lung cancer is suspected because of your symptoms or your lung cancer risk, there are many tests your doctor may order to determine if its cancer or something else. When to see a doctor about a cough. It also explains what different colors of phlegm might indicate and when a person should contact a doctor. There are different types of coughs that kids can get. One study found that these were responsible for more than 60 percent of diagnosed acute coughs. The chest pain is generally very sharp. There are three major causes behind chronic coughing. All rights reserved. They may refer you to a pulmonologist if you: By one estimate, there were over 12,000 pulmonologists practicing in the United States in 2013, and 90.3 percent of adults lived within 20 miles of a pulmonologist. Pulmonologists treat everything from asthma to tuberculosis. She might also prescribe drugs to cut the mucus in your lungs. Once the cancerous cells have metastasized to other parts of your body, you may have other symptoms. The treatment for coughing up phlegm depends on its cause. An older 2005 study that looked at the symptoms of British lung cancer patients at the time of their diagnosis found that in addition to cigarette smoking, there were several common symptoms associated with lung cancer at diagnosis: The strongest associations with lung cancer, in addition to smoking, were: Coughs, both acute and chronic, can have many causes. Phlegm comes in many colors and can be an important indicator of what is happening when someone produces it from their lungs or respiratory tract. The outlook for a cough that will not go away depends on its cause. Pediatrics. In addition to common critical care treatments, these specialists use tools to do things like take out tumors and drain fluid from around the lungs. Here, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. During forced exhalation, the expiratory muscles are used, which include those of the abdominal wall and some of the rib cage. It causes symptoms such as: It is vital to report these symptoms to a doctor for immediate treatment. All pulmonologists who practice in the United States will be board certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine. It can cause headaches, dizziness, sweating, loss of appetite, and sleep loss. Investigating the power of music for dementia. If you have older children, ask your pediatrician about which products are safe to give them for a cough. In: Conn's Current Therapy 2019. Here's what you can try and when to seek, A nighttime cough can be disruptive. All rights reserved. Any type of lung cancer can be associated with a cough. Infant botulism Why honey should be avoided for children up to one year. Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. The Lung Cancer Alliance states that about 50 percent of people have a cough in the early stage of lung cancer, before the cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are a group of tests that measure how well your lungs work. Often developing from a cold or other respiratory infection, acute bronchitis is very common. See additional information. Ellis PM, et al. (2019). Green JL, et al. We avoid using tertiary references. Is the love justified? (2017). The color of the mucus can signal a more serious problem. Some examples of treatment include: Some medications, such as benzonatate, may also be used to reduce your coughing reflex. It is important that a person finishes the entire course of antibiotics, even if their cough and phlegm go away sooner. Early signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include a chronic cough, increased mucus, and tiredness. Michaudet C, et al. However, coughs that occur with other symptoms, such as dizziness, may require a trip to doctor. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. A cough occurs when the lungs or airways become. Your body may be producing more sputum or mucus. When your child coughs, you'll be able to hear the fluid moving in their airways. A pulmonologist shouldn't be your first stop when you have a simple cough or cold. When Emma Bishop developed a persistent cough, she was told it was a chest infection that would go away on its own. They can also determine the best treatment, which may include a mix of lifestyle changes, medical devices (such as a CPAP machine), and prescription medications. For example: Each cough can have a different cause, and some may require medical attention. But its a good idea to follow-up with a doctor if it lasts longer than 3 weeks or occurs along with any of the following symptoms: Get emergency care for any cough thats accompanied by: If you have a mild cough, there are some things that you can do at home to help ease your symptoms. These include: Not everyone with early lung cancer has a cough. There are many types of doctors involved in diagnosing and treating lung cancer. Theyll also want to know when your cough began, whether its worse at night, and when it got worse or developed new features. The combination vaccine can be given starting at 2 months old. Infants can die from whooping cough. The most effective way to deal with an allergy is to avoid triggers. When you have bronchitis, your immune system tries to trap the . There are, however, new and more effective treatments being developed every day. Walter FM, et al. See your doctor if you have difficulty breathing, chest pain, persistent fever of 102 F (39 C) or higher, or persistent cough, especially if you're coughing up pus. However, some people may experience early symptoms. If your child has asthma and is coughing and wheezing, follow your family's asthma action plan. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), An exam to become certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine, A 2-year fellowship in pulmonary medicine that includes at least 12 months of clinical training, A pulmonary board exam to become certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine as a pulmonologist, A 3-year fellowship with at least 18 months of clinical training (6 months each in critical care, pulmonary medicine, and combined care), A critical care certification exam, also provided by the American Board of Internal Medicine. In: Pediatric telephone protocols. They have expertise in the following types of respiratory disorders: In some instances, their expertise extends to the cardiovascular system. Learn more about these conditions. Holzinger F, et al. A chest surgeon may perform procedures such as a lung transplant or a lobectomy to remove a portion of a diseased lung. What Are Pancoast Tumors and How Are They Treated? Symptomatic treatment of cough among adult patients with lung cancer: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Last medically reviewed on October 31, 2021. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. This is called a subacute cough. But there are often ways to resolve the issue at home. Even if your child's cough can be managed at home at first, if they are not getting better, develop new or concerning symptoms, or are having trouble breathing, they need medical care right away. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? In: Adult telephone protocols. Lemon is also high in vitamin C, which may make a cold slightly shorter if you get it regularly. A pulmonologist may work in their own office or as part of a multidisciplinary practice. Some examples include environmental irritants, respiratory infections, or chronic conditions such as asthma or COPD. If youre having any unusual or worrisome respiratory symptoms, meet with your primary care physician, if you have one. Theyll perform a medical exam and assess your overall condition. For instance, if you have COPD, your doctor might recommend medication to open your airways. Harle ASM, et al. Terms of Use. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/symptoms-in-infants-and-children/cough-in-children?query=cough. After you receive the referral, check whether the pulmonologist is in network with your insurance plan. For example, you could need removal of a lung tumor. It is not unusual to cough up phlegm with a common cold. Some may work in sleep labs, helping treat disorders such as sleep apnea. It is best to see a doctor if the cough persists for longer than 3 weeks or occurs with other, more serious symptoms, such as coughing up blood. A wet cough brings up mucus from your lungs, while a dry cough doesnt. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. If you have a mild case of COVID-19, you may choose to use cough medications or other home remedies to help ease your cough. A child's cough is not always wheezing, even if it sounds like it. Depending on the stage of your lung cancer and your general health, you may have surgery to remove the cancerous lung tumor. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). (2022). Sometimes, phlegm can become thick and bothersome. privacy practices. At-home treatments and remedies can help lessen the severity and duration of a cough so you can sleep more, You need the right amount of oxygen and blood flow to breathe. Bronchiectasis can't be cured but can be managed with treatment. Lung diseases not related to infection, such as asthma or emphysema, tend to cause clear phlegm. Your doctor may also order tests to look for the cause of your chronic cough. Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults, https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/library/allergy-library/allergic-reactions, https://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/asthma/, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/bronchitis, http://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/copd-intro.pdf, https://www.cdc.gov/features/rhinoviruses/index.html, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/cough, https://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumonia/learn-about-pneumonia.html. See additional information. swelling of the ankles, legs, feet, and abdomen, chest pain when laughing, breathing deeply, or coughing, chronic and recurring respiratory tract infections, lifestyle changes, such as exercising regularly and eating a, implantable devices, such as a defibrillator. Severe cases of chronic cough can cause vomiting, lightheadedness and even rib fractures. It's an important way to keep your throat and airway clear of material that should not be there. The painful cough will go away when the acid reflux is treated with medication. It's especially important that people in these high-risk groups see a doctor: Adults older than age 65; Children younger than age 2 with signs and symptoms Bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining in the bronchial tubes. Chronic cough. If lung cancer is involved with the cough, the earlier its detected, the better the outcome. A person may also need a sputum test to diagnose the type of lung disease. Some lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cause a persistent cough and excess phlegm. A population based case-control study. Persistent Cough. Theres no simple way to tell if lung cancer is the cause of your cough. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. However, brown or black phlegm can also occur with lung disease, as well as with smoking. Incubation period of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. We avoid using tertiary references. All rights reserved. 16th ed. If your child wakes up with a barking cough, there are a few ways to help them at home. This typically happens 2 to 14 days after symptoms begin. If at any point your child's cough is so bad they can't breathe, take them to the ER. Some common examples include: While occasional coughing is normal, sometimes it can be caused by a more serious condition that needs medical attention. It is not necessary to see a doctor in these cases. It is best to see a doctor for coughs that persist for longer than 3 weeks, as a cough that wont go away may indicate something more serious. You . What is bronchitis? If your child is having trouble breathing or becomes unable to speak, eat, or drink, call 911 or go to the nearest ER right away. They may produce longer-lasting symptoms. When a cough persists for 8 weeks or longer or goes away only to come back, that's a chronic cough. The most common cause of a cough is the common cold, which does not usually require medical attention. Your pulmonologist could also recommend a bronchoscopy. Ramalingam, S., et al. (n.d.). fluid in the pleural space which surrounds your lungs, journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(16)49011-2/fulltext, thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/copd-intro.pdf, acponline.org/about-acp/about-internal-medicine/subspecialties-of-internal-medicine/pulmonary-disease, nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/pulmonary-function-tests, Chronic Lung Diseases: Causes and Risk Factors, How to Get Rid of Phlegm: Tips, Home Remedies, and Medications to Try, Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI, What to Do If You Get Food Stuck in Your Throat, How to Sleep with a Cough: 12 Tips for a Restful Night, What You Need to Know About Ventilation/Perfusion (V/Q) Mismatch, neoplastic, which means having to do with a tumor, throat, which is also known as the pharynx, voice box, which is also known as the larynx, windpipe, which is also known as the trachea, bronchioles, or even smaller passageways in the lungs.
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