The French occupation, which ended in 1801, marked the first time a European power had conquered and occupied Egypt, and it set the stage for further European involvement. GOP/Dem Spending Bill Funds Border Security for 8 Foreign Countries Egypt is predominantly desert. In the past, flooding of the Nile during the summer provided silt and water to make agriculture possible on land that is otherwise very dry. The country has held several democratic elections since 2011, but the role of the military in . Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. )consumption: 149,079,120,000 kWh (2019 est. Since the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1970, the 3,900-square mile (10,100 square km) valley has been under perennial irrigation. The Gulf of Aqaba borders Egypt, Israel, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Where is the border between Sudan and Egypt? ), urban population: 43.1% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.9% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. Here are the top 10 best African countries to invest in 2021. A mass grave has been discovered in Sudan's West Darfur state with at least 87 bodies, as a regional summit hosted by Egypt to help solve the crisis in Sudan gets under way.. That territory (which is occupied by Israeli forces, but claimed by the State of Palestine) is instead discussed below. July 14, 2023 2:05 PM. Many species, mammals especially, but also reptiles and even birds such as owls, are nocturnal. Egypt shares international borders with a number of territories and countries, including: Sudan, Libya, Israel, and the Gaza Strip. There are nine governorates of Lower Egypt in the Nile Delta region, ten of Upper Egypt along the Nile river south from Cairo to Aswan and five frontier governorates covering Sinai and the deserts that lie west and east of the Nile river. 3200 B.C. The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and west, allowed for the development of one of the world's great civilizations. )consumption: 58,176,781,000 cubic meters (2019 est. A local military caste, the Mamluks took control about 1250 and continued to govern after the conquest of Egypt by the Ottoman Turks in 1517. The timing and amount of annual flow were always unpredictable. Egypt country profile - BBC News Tunisia: Crisis as Black Africans Expelled to Libya Border In some sections, this barrier resembles a tall fence with barbed wire running along the top and in other sections, it is made of steel walls complete with radar and security cameras. To the South of Jordan is the Red Sea which is also the only outlet to sea at the Gulf of Aqaba. Which African countries border Egypt? As many as seven branches of the river once flowed through the delta, but its waters are now concentrated in two, the Damietta Branch to the east and the Rosetta Branch to the west. Egypt's border with Sudan is notable for two areas, the alib Triangle along the Red Sea and Bir awl further inland, that are subject to differing claims by the two countries (see Researcher's Note).In the north its Mediterranean coastline is about 620 miles . This again has its roots in the way in which the animals of the desert have adapted to life here. What influence does Iran have in Africa? | TV Shows | Al Jazeera The Mediterranean Sea lies between latitudes 30 and 46 N and longitudes 6 W and 36 E. . Even those animals that do brave the heat of the day are normally only active in the early morning or evening. That left Israel in occupation of the . This dispute means that Bir Tawil is not claimed by any sovereign authority, making it the only area in the world that can sustain human life but does not belong to one particular political entity. The high ground in the southwest is associated with the Uwaynt mountain mass, which lies just outside Egyptian territory. ), 103% of GDP (2017 est. The border between Egypt and Sudan makes up the entire southern edge of Egypt. From Egypt to Jordan - Crossing Borders - The Ultimate Guide The country is located between Levantine and the Arabian region of the Middle East, and it is bordered by four countries: Syria, Israel, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. Measurements of annual flows as low as 1.2 billion m3 and as high as 4.25 billion m3 have been recorded. More; Climate: From November to April, temperatures range in Cairo from 40 to 65F, and during the hot period, May to October,. The eastern portion of Egypt, the Sinai Peninsula, is situated in Western Asia (Middle East). )carbon dioxide emissions: 238.56 megatons (2016 est. Egypt | History, Map, Flag, Population, & Facts | Britannica )1.3% of GDP (2021 est. The last native dynasty fell to the Persians in 341 B.C., who in turn were replaced by the Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. Limited numbers of students and professionals emigrated temporarily prior to the early 1970s, when economic problems and high unemployment pushed the Egyptian Government to lift restrictions on labor migration. This gulf opens into the Red Sea. The new regimes extreme political rhetoric and its nationalization of the Suez Canal Company prompted the Suez Crisis of 1956, which was only resolved by the intervention of the United States and the Soviet Union, whose presence in the Mediterranean region thereafter kept Egypt in the international spotlight. Modern-day Egypt's borders are with Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and Israel to the northeast. The 100,000 or so inhabitants were resettled, mainly in the government-built villages of New Nubia, at Kawm Umb (Kom Ombo), north of Aswn. Egypt is located in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres of the Earth. The geography of Egypt relates to two regions: North Africa and Southwest Asia. From Eilat, you can take a taxi to the Israel-Jordan . The topography of Egypt is dominated by the Nile. )5.56% (2019 est. Egypt )consumption: 2.31 million metric tons (2020 est. Sudan. The Eastern Desert is relatively mountainous. In April 2019, Egypt approved via national referendum a set of constitutional amendments extending ELSISIs term in office through 2024 and possibly through 2030 if reelected for a third term. The uprising forced Pres. Egypt is divided into 28 governorates, which include two city-governortes: Alexandria (Alexandria Governorate) and Cairo (Cairo Governorate). )refined petroleum consumption: 810,200 bbl/day (2019 est. The government has struggled to meet the demands of Egypt's fast-growing population as it implements large-scale infrastructure projects, energy cooperation, and foreign direct investment appeals. )methane emissions: 59.68 megatons (2020 est. Egypt's geological history has produced four major physical regions: Despite covering only about 5% of the total area of Egypt; the Nile Valley and Nile Delta are the most important regions, being the country's only cultivable regions and supporting about 99% of the population. (Tunis) - Tunisian security forces have collectively expelled several hundred Black African migrants and asylum seekers, including children and pregnant . This article takes a closer look at each of these borders. But, in late summer, when torrential rains fall on the Ethiopian Highlands, the Atbarah provides 22% of the Nile's flow. The border between Egypt and Sudan makes up the entire southern edge of Egypt. The outline map shows the North African country of Egypt, a country well known for its pyramids and Pharaohs. The desert of central Sinai is open country, broken by isolated hills and scored by wadis. Egypt Country Profile The number of Egyptian migrants dropped from a peak of almost 3.3 million in 1983 to about 2.2 million at the start of the 1990s, but numbers gradually recovered. The country borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Gulf of Suez and the Red Sea to the east. )other: 96.3% (2018 est. Herodotus and Alexander the Great were among the many illustrious people who visited the temple in the pre-Christian era. The total area of the country covers approximately one . The elevation rises abruptly from the Nile, and a downward-sloping plateau of sand gives way within 100 km to arid, defoliated, rocky hills running north and south between the Sudan border and the Delta. It remained part of the Roman Republic and Empire and then part of Romes successor state, the Byzantine Empire, until its conquest by Arab Muslim armies in 639642 ce. )imports: 83.563 million cubic meters (2019 est. Countries and Territories Bordering Egypt . Below Aswan, the cultivated floodplain strip widens to as much as twenty km. The government of Sudan chooses to recognize the 1902 border, which would give this country authority of the Halaib Triangle, but not the Bir Tawil. In 2011, a popular uprising toppled Egypt's long-time president, Hosni Mubarek. Egypt International Travel Information 639-642AD - Byzantine Egypt conquered by Muslim Arab armies. ), total population: 74.72 yearsmale: 73.53 yearsfemale: 75.98 years (2023 est. The coastal plain in both the north and east tends to be narrow; it seldom exceeds a width of 30 miles (48 km). )$38.973 billion (31 December 2020 est. Sometimes the people in one region take . )transmission/distribution losses: 33.623 billion kWh (2019 est. The border between Egypt and Libya makes up the entire western edge of Egypt. Steep rocky cliffs rise along the banks of the Nile in some stretches, while other areas along the Nile are flat, with space for agricultural production. In the north, near the coast, the Nile delta embraces a series of salt marshes and lakes, the most notable among which are Idku, Al Burullus, and Manzilah. In the 1971 census, 57 percent of Egypt's population was counted as rural, including those residing in agricultural areas in the Nile Valley and Delta, as well as the much smaller number of persons living in desert areas. ), electrification - total population: 100% (2020), installed generating capacity: 59.826 million kW (2020 est. that the Two Lands of Upper (southern) and Lower (northern) Egypt were first united politically, history: several previous; latest approved by a constitutional committee in December 2013, approved by referendum held on 14-15 January 2014, ratified by interim president on 19 January 2014amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or by one fifth of the House of Representatives members; a decision to accept the proposal requires majority vote by House members; passage of amendment requires a two-thirds majority vote by House members and passage by majority vote in a referendum; articles of reelection of the president and principles of freedom are not amendable unless the amendment "brings more guarantees;" amended 2019, mixed legal system based on Napoleonic civil and penal law, Islamic religious law, and vestiges of colonial-era laws; judicial review of the constitutionality of laws by the Supreme Constitutional Court, accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: if the father was born in Egyptdual citizenship recognized: only with prior permission from the governmentresidency requirement for naturalization: 10 years, 18 years of age; universal and compulsory, chief of state: President Abdelfattah ELSISI (since 8 June 2014)head of government: Prime Minister Mostafa MADBOULY (since 7 June 2018)cabinet: Cabinet ministers nominated by the executive branch and approved by the House of Representativeselections/appointments: president elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for 3 consecutive terms); election last held on 26-28 March 2018 (next to be held in 2024); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by the House of Representatives; note - following a constitutional amendment approved by referendum in April 2019, the presidential term was extended from 4 to 6 years and eligibility extended to 3 consecutive termselection results: 2018: Abdelfattah ELSISI reelected president in first round; percent of valid votes cast - Abdelfattah ELSISI (independent) 97.1%, Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA (El Ghad Party) 2.9%; note - more than 7% of ballots cast were deemed invalid, description: bicameral Parliament consists of:Senate (Majlis Al-Shiyoukh) (300 seats; 100 members elected in single seat constituencies, 100 elected by closed party-list system, and 100 appointed by the president; note - the upper house, previously the Shura Council, was eliminated in the 2014 constitution, reestablished as the Senate, following passage in a 2019 constitutional referendum and approved by the House of Representatives in June 2020 House of Representatives (Majlis Al-Nowaab) (596 seats; 448 members directly elected by individual candidacy system, 120 members - with quotas for women, youth, Christians and workers - elected in party-list constituencies by simple majority popular vote, and 28 members appointed by the president; members of both houses serve 5-year termselections: Senate - first round held on 11-12 August 2020 (9-10 August for diaspora); second round held on 8-9 September (6-7 September for diaspora) (next to be held in 2025)House of Representatives - last held 24-25 October and 7-8 November 2020) (next to be held in 2025)election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Nation's Future Party 100, independent 100; composition - men 260, women 40, percent of women 13.3% House of Representatives (2020) - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Nation's Future Party 316, Republican People's Party 50, New Wafd Party 26, Homeland Defenders Party 23, Modern Egypt Party 11, Reform and Development Party 9, Al-Nour Party 7, Egyptian Conference Party 7, Egyptian Freedom Party 7, Egyptian Social Democratic Party 7, Tagammu 6, Justice Party 2, Etradet Geel Party 1, independent 124; composition - men 428, women 164, percent of women 27.5%; note - total Parliament percent of women 22.8%, highest court(s): Supreme Constitutional Court (SCC) (consists of the court president and 10 justices); the SCC serves as the final court of arbitration on the constitutionality of laws and conflicts between lower courts regarding jurisdiction and rulings; Court of Cassation (CC) (consists of the court president and 550 judges organized in circuits with cases heard by panels of 5 judges); the CC is the highest appeals body for civil and criminal cases, also known as "ordinary justices"; Supreme Administrative Court (SAC) (consists of the court president and NA judges and organized in circuits with cases heard by panels of 5 judges); the SAC is the highest court of the State Counciljudge selection and term of office: under the 2014 constitution, all judges and justices selected and appointed by the Supreme Judiciary Council and approved as a formality by the president of the Republic; judges appointed for life; under the 2019 amendments, the president has the power to appoint heads of judiciary authorities and courts, the prosecutor general, and the head of the Supreme Constitutional Courtsubordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; courts of limited jurisdiction; Family Court (established in 2004), Al-Nour [Yunis MAKHYUN]Arab Democratic Nasserist Party [El Etehad el Masri el ARABI]Congress Party [Omar Al-Mokhtar SEMIDA]Conservative Party [El Mohafezin]Democratic Peace Party [Ahmed FADALY]Egyptian National Movement Party [Gen. Raouf EL SAYED]Egyptian Social Democratic Party [Farid ZAHRAN]El Ghad Party [Moussa Mostafa MOUSSA]El Serh El Masry el Hor [Tarek Ahmed Abbas NADIM]Eradet Geel Party [Tayseer MATAR]Free Egyptians Party [Essam KHALIL]Freedom Party [Mamdouuh HASSAN]Justice PartyHomelands Protector Party [Lt. Gen. (retired) Galal AL-HARIDI]Modern Egypt Party [Nabil DEIBIS]My Homeland Egypt Party [Gen. Seif El Islam ABDEL BARY ]Nation's Future Party (Mostaqbal Watan) [Abdel Wahab Abdel RAZEQ]National Progressive Unionist (Tagammu) Party [Sayed Abdel AAL]Reform and Development Party [Mohamad Anwar al-SADAT]Republican Peoples Party [Hazim AMR]Revolutionary Guards Party [Magdy EL-SHARIF]Wafd Party [Abdel Sanad YAMAMA], ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, CICA, COMESA, D-8, EBRD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, LCBC (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador Motaz Mounir ZAHRAN (since 17 September 2020)chancery: 3521 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 895-5400; [1] (202) 895-5408FAX: [1] (202) 244-5131; [1] (202) 244-4319email address and website: consulate@egyptembassy.nethttps://www.egyptembassy.net/consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charg d'Affaires John P. DESROCHER (since 26 April 2023)embassy: 5 Tawfik Diab St., Garden City, Cairomailing address: 7700 Cairo Place, Washington DC 20512-7700telephone: [20-2] 2797-3300FAX: [20-2] 2797-3200email address and website: ConsularCairoACS@state.govhttps://eg.usembassy.gov/consulate(s) general: Alexandria, three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the national emblem (a gold Eagle of Saladin facing the hoist side with a shield superimposed on its chest above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band; the band colors derive from the Arab Liberation flag and represent oppression (black), overcome through bloody struggle (red), to be replaced by a bright future (white)note: similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars in the white band; Iraq, which has an Arabic inscription centered in the white band; and Yemen, which has a plain white band, golden eagle, white lotus; national colors: red, white, black, name: "Bilady, Bilady, Bilady" (My Homeland, My Homeland, My Homeland)lyrics/music: Younis-al QADI/Sayed DARWISHnote: adopted 1979; the current anthem, less militaristic than the previous one, was created after the signing of the 1979 peace treaty with Israel; Sayed DARWISH, commonly considered the father of modern Egyptian music, composed the anthem, total World Heritage Sites: 7 (6 cultural, 1 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Memphis and its Necropolis (c); Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis (c); Nubian Monuments (c); Saint Catherine Area (c); Abu Mena (c); Historic Cairo (c); Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley) (n), Africas second largest economy; 2030 Vision to diversify markets and energy infrastructure; improving fiscal, external, and current accounts; underperforming private sector; poor labor force participation; expanded credit access, $1.264 trillion (2021 est.