ANSI/ASME Standard B16.5, Standard for Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 Metric/Inch. ).Where maintenance by portable manual equipment (A-frames, hand trucks, dollies, portable ladders or similar equipment) is required the horizontal clearance should be 3'- 0" (1m) (min.) The piping and equipment must be designed for the maximum possible source pressure that the system might experience. meeting the requirements of Standard Dimension Ration (SDR) 17 as minimum strength. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. wG xR^[ochg`>b$*~ :Eb~,m,-,Y*6X[F=3Y~d tizf6~`{v.Ng#{}}jc1X6fm;'_9 r:8q:O:8uJqnv=MmR 4 ANSI Standard B16.5[6] places no limitations on the application of RF flanges in pressure service. Clearance between the outside diameter of flange and the outside diameter of pipe to the insulation should not be less than 0'- 1"* (25mm)Clearance between the outside diameter of pipe, flange, or insulation and structural any member should not be less than 0'- 2"* (50mm)*With full consideration of thermal movements, Minimum width for ladder to ladder travel: 2'- 6" (800mm)Headroom: 7'- 0" (2.1m)Headroom from stairwell treads: 7'- 0" (2.1m)Minimum clearance around any obstruction on dead end platforms: 1'- 6" (500mm). PDF GUIDELINES FOR UTILITY INSTALLATIONS Part 1 - Wire Lines and - Metra respectively. longitudinal weld-joint factor [1.0 seamless, ERW, double submerged arc weld and flash weld; 0.80 electric fusion (arc) weld and electric fusion weld, 0.60 furnace butt weld]. $87;2#Hvz{9Q,GrY>WVsu=b{O0K>~ZE[IA~uwvIY,A\VyDe:A5\WuNtvX,q,vYb7eQ'eP Threaded fittings should be avoided in all applications where mechanical vibration (pumps and compressors) or cyclic thermal variations occur.For most hydrocarbon service, ASTM A-106 Grade B seamless pipe or API 5L Grade B pipe is used with ASTM A105 flanges and threaded/socket-weld fittings; ASTM A-234 Grade WPB seamless, butt-weld fittings; ASTM A-193 Grade B-7 and A-354 Grade BC flange stud bolts; and ASTM A-194 Grade 2H nuts. Same example of spec break in accordance with API RP14J as Fig. q8fD1;7)/sLt =@Iv#nW\t^eBI (*(%8H8c- fd9@6_IjH9(3=DR1%? of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) specify wall-thickness requirements. For Pipe Size 2.5 inches and smaller: The minimum Slope requirement is 0.25 inches per foot; For Pipe Sizes 3 to 6: The minimum Slope requirement is 0.125 inches per foot; For Pipe Size 8 inches and larger: The minimum Slope requirement is 0.0625 inches per foot Erosion of the pipe wall itself could occur if solid particles, particularly sand, are entrained in the flow stream. Table 12 shows the temperature and pressure ratings for API-specification fittings. Fig. Valve handwheels or handles should be readily operable from grade.Maintenance and operating aisles with a minimum width of 2'-6" (800mm) should be provided on three sides of all pumps. This calculation from Example 1 alone would give you a solid working height, but if you are close to your peak then you might have more pipe height than you actually need. UP: Pipeline Engineering Specs - Union Pacific BRAZORIA COUNTY, Texas (KTRK) -- A large pipeline fire was seen from miles away in Brazoria County on Thursday afternoon after reports of an "explosion" in the area. Locate Insulation shoes anywhere a line crosses a support for hot insulated piping when the piping is 3 inch (80mm) and larger carbon and alloy steel lines with design temperatures over 650 degrees F (350C).Large diameter lines (20 inches (500mm) and over), stainless steel lines where galvanic corrosion may exist, lines with wall thickness less than standard weight, and vacuum lines should be analyzed to determine if shoes or wear plates are needed.Provide cradles at supports for insulated lines in cold service and for acoustical applications. This first-of-its-kind surf coaster launches you 110 feet up as you twist and turn catching all of the powerful waves at 60 miles per hour! 6 Basic Rules of Pump Piping Design | Pumps & Systems Locate all steam traps at all pocketed low points and at dead ends of steam headers. These are reproduced in Table 10. or less and the branch is less than 1/4 of the diameter of the pipe run, or an integrally reinforced, pressure-tested branch fitting (such as a weld-o-let, thread-o-let, or socket-o-let) is used. Phone: 202-366-4595 Locate eye wash and emergency showers in all areas where operating personnel are subject to hazardous sprays or spills, such as acid. Locate temperature test wells, temperature Indicators and thermocouples to be accessible from grade or a portable ladder. The line should be sized such that the maximum velocity of the fluid does not cause erosion, excess noise, or water hammer. The Table for Line Pipe Dimensions, Weight and . API RP14E[5] recommends RTJ faced flanges in ANSI class 900 and higher. API Spec. The purpose of the guidelines, known as Recommended Practice 1162 or Public Awareness Programs for Pipeline Operators, is to reduce pipeline accidents, which are often attributable to digging by homeowners, contractors, and farmers. For solids-free fluids where corrosion is not anticipated or when corrosion is controlled by inhibition or by employing corrosion-resistant alloys, values of C = 150 to 200 may be used for continuous service; values up to 250 have been used successfully for intermittent service. New York City: ANSI/ASME. Pipeline construction inspections also verify operators follow federal regulatory requirements. This distinct point is called a specification pressure break point. 2006 ). Where this is not practical, elevate the valve to 6'- 6" (plus or minus 3 inches) clear from high point of finished surface to bottom of handwheel. The companion nuts are typically ASTM A-194, Grade 2H. Locate control valve stations accessible from grade or on a platform. The guidelines given here are based on my many years of experience with one of the world's largest engineering, design and construction companies along with the U. S. OSHA Part 1910 and the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) Code No. 1.1 DESCRIPTION . Locate all local pressure indicators so they are visible from grade, permanent ladder, or platform. 6Xr +Rn` yO]]#&Wg + h&ajM7_Bx&)kHyD,,y9^~y$ Z5;BUs@)r" V# Ai\1Gp$]cc(+(Bx(Tf?GO97~2v\g j n3kGz=[==B0FX'+tG,}/Hh8mW2p[AiAN#8$X?AKHI{!7. Table 13 is an example branch-connection schedule that could be used to specify the proper choice of branch connection. Understanding the 10-Foot 2-Foot 3-Foot Rule: How to - WoodStovePro Clearance between the outside of hand wheel and any obstruction (knuckle clearance) should be 0'- 3" (80mm). Locate all relief valves so they are accessible. Major process plants normally have three classes of roads. Rising or nonrising stem and inside or outside yoke: gate valves. Normally, locate pumps in process units under pipeways.Design piping to provide clearance for pump or driver removal. %PDF-1.6 % ANSI/ASME Standard B31.8, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems. 4.3 In a pipeline to be operated at a hoop stress of 20 percent or more of . HWKo7qYd)>\# ieC#;&==w/i~3CMbt9?tISRKNO/F] B;RqQ[&FXbMl6)^-NIJ0 }Qc$ZIt*4IDysNXN%2.85$"E^:lM vFArI+4)28^PAGkV%I&niI1{0i8$67iaMc=:* t~DClG This is discussed below in the section on velocity considerations for pipelines. Use this section to list papers in OnePetro that a reader who wants to learn more should definitely read, Use this section to provide links to relevant material on websites other than PetroWiki and OnePetro. and companion grade butt-weld fittings) could be used to save wall thickness and weight, which would save cost for the materials. . or greater. Provide a clear access area at grade for vessels with removable internals or for vessels requiring loading and unloading of catalyst or packing. 3 and 5, prescribes the requirements for steel pipe, valves, and fittings in such service. Pipe valves and fittings upstream of this point must be designed to withstand the higher pressure. . TABLE OF CONTENTS . When the cover is removed this allows for the tube (inside pipe) to be pulled out. Stable Diffusion .using Diffusers. 6F, Technical Report on Performance of API and ANSI End Connections in a Fire Test According to API Specification 6F, third edition. Pipe fittings, valves, and flanges are designed and manufactured in accordance several industry standards including API, ASTM, ANSI/ASME and Manufacturers Standardization Soc. The natural flow tends to follow gravity, where the tower overhead is the high point then down to the Air Cooler, then down to the Accumulator and finally the Overhead Product transfer pumps. Minimum width 2'- 6" (800mm)Headroom 7'- 0" (2.1m), Locate Orifice runs in the horizontal. ANSI/ASME Standard B31.8 does not allow increases for transient conditions. API Spec. Oil return lines from the compressor and driver should have a minimum slope of 1/2 inch per foot to the inlet connection of seal traps, degassing tanks, and oil reservoir. An official website of the United States government Here's how you know. The ball check valve is typically used in 2-in. The lifting height of gondola 2 varies curve trend with the axial force and pipe stiffness. 0 Stagger the sleeper elevations to permit ease of crossing or change of direction at intersections. When a cluster of buildings intended for human occupancy indicates that a basic mile of pipeline should be identified as a Location Class 2 or Location Class 3, the Location Class 2 or Location Class 3 may be terminated 660 ft from the nearest building in the cluster. 4 Medical Gas Installation Handbook 1.0 Alarms 1.1 Area Alarm Panels Monitors local pressure of systems serving Anesthetizing, Vital Life Support and Critical Care Areas Not connected to the Master Alarm System Located at nurses station or similar location of the area being served Labeled for area / room served Sensors for Vital Life Support and critical areas are to be installed on the . Within the P-number groupings, ferrous base metals, which have specified impact test requirements, are classified in groups. It also recommends that 2-in. CSX Transportation Part 3 - Design Requirements (Continued) PAGE . Fluid flowing through a piping system can undergo pressure decreases by flowing through chokes and/or control valves. His experience ranges from entry level designer to engineering manager. There are many factors that affect the pipe-wall-thickness requirement, which include: If there are no codes or standards that specifically apply to the oil and gas production facilities, the design engineer may select one of the industry codes or standards as the basis of design. Note: this changes the ratings of Valves B, D, and F in the manifold, as well as that of Valves 1 through 4 on the liquid outlet of the high pressure (HP) separator. The B31.8 wall-thickness formula is stated as. (a) Type of construction. Keep channel end and shell covers clear of obstructions such as piping and structural members to allow unbolting of exchanger flanges, and removal of heads and tube bundles. The conditions for the permissible increases in allowable pressure, according to Standard B31.3, are given next. The basic formula for determining pipe wall thickness is the general hoop stress formula for thin-wall cylinders, which is stated as. These minimum distances should be verified by Company Process Engineering. Keep Suction Piping as Short as Possible Include a straight-run pipe length equal to five to 10 times the pipe diameter between the pump inlet and any obstruction in the suction line. To ensure enough inspections are being conducted, PHMSA uses Annual Reports (AR) from pipeline operators to approximate the miles of newly constructed pipelines built each year. refer to the approximate ID measurement of Schedule 40 or standard wall, whereas nominal 14 in. In addition to the criteria previously presented, additional consideration must be given to the possible consequences of a failure near a concentration of people, such as that found in a church, school, multiple-dwelling unit, hospital, or recreational area of an organized character in a Class 1 or 2 location. Wherever feasible, locate them at platforms that are designed for other purposes. The Line Pipe Dimensions, Weight and Schedule Chart is useful for determining the size, outer diameter, inner diameter, schedule (thickness), wall, and weight of metal pipes. Washington, DC: API. The American Theatre Wing has unveiled the panel of judges and eligibility details for the 2023 edition of the Obie Awards. Fairfield, New Jersey: ASME. Official websites use .govA .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Recommended Bolt Torque Requirements for Class 150 Ring Type Joint Gaskets. PART 1 GENERAL . However, if flow were to stop, the pressure in the line would increase to the upstream pressure. Headroom over through-railroads (from top rail) 22'- 6"** (7m)Clearance from track centerline to obstruction 10'- 0"** (3m)(** Verify conformance with local regulations). NACE Standard MR-01-75, Standard Material RequirementsMetals for Sulfide Stress Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance in Sour Oilfield Environments for Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Material for Oilfield Equipment, Sec. Exchanger maintenance space from a structural member or pipe should not be less than 1'- 0" (300mm) (min.). Steel piping systems are subject to movement because of thermal expansion/contraction and mechanical forces. Texas Administrative Code - Secretary of State of Texas PHMSA participates in standards development and informational meetings with operators constructing new pipelines to discuss issues uncovered during inspections. Utility systems such as those for water, sanitary or storm water, air, draining or low-pressure oil or gas service applications often use the nonsteel piping material systems. 2006 ). Mr. Pennock can be contacted via E-Mail at This email address is being protected from spambots. Also, provide traps periodically on excessively long runs of steam piping, for sufficient condensate removal, and to ensure dry quality steam at destination. 2004. PHMSA also encourages industry trade groups to develop quality action plans and safety management systems for each pipeline construction project. Those over 15 feet (4.5m) above high point of finished surface should be accessible from a platform or permanent ladder. When classifying locations for the purpose of determining the design factor, F, for the pipeline construction and testing that should be prescribed, due consideration shall be given to the possibility of future development of the area. Same example of spec break in accordance with API RP14J as Fig. 9)where. The assigned P-numbers and group numbers are based essentially on comparable base-metal characteristics, such as: The ASME/ANSI and ASTM material specifications for pipe and fittings will list the P-numbers and group numbers within the data. (*) Normally secondary plant roads may be used as tube pull areas. High-level flare system configuration decisions should PHMSA inspects new pipeline constructions projects, identifies pipeline construction issues, and enforces federal regulations appropriately. Locate all pipe lines in major process units on overhead pipeways. Because pressure breaks occur at isolation valves, careful placement of isolation valves must be considered in multipressure piping-system designs. 10 is merely a conservative approximation. You could also call it a "Fat" exchanger. New York City: ANSI/ASME. V)gB0iW8#8w8_QQj@&A)/g>'K t;\ $FZUn(4T%)0C&Zi8bxEB;PAom?W= nominal pipe size. RF flanges are less expensive and easier to make up where tight clearances make it difficult to spread the flanges apart so that the ring may be inserted. The pressure class ratings of forged-steel threaded and socket-weld fittings are 2,000 lbf (also known as standard); 3,000 lbf [also known as extra strong (XS)]; and 6,000 lbf [also known as double extra strong (XXS)], which refers to their allowable operating pressure at 100F. This is any 1-mile section of pipeline that has 46 or more buildings intended for human occupancy except when a Class 4 Location prevails. o=?n:VS1kAim%/{]oOE* vF4Lt}Ww k Locate cooling towers downwind of buildings and equipment to keep spray from falling on them. 1. specific gravity of the liquid (relative to water). New York City: ANSI/ASME. The principal legislation governing the safety of pipelines ( Pipelines Safety Regulations 1996) is goal setting requiring that pipelines are designed, constructed and operated so that the risks. Example of spec break in accordance with API RP14J (courtesy of API). 2002. The ANSI/ASME Standard B31.3 specification break occurs at the fence, whereas B31.8s occurs at the first flange upstream/downstream of the pipeline. The largest vessel in each equipment row should be used to set the centerline location of all vertical vessels in that equipment row. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services. 1. They might be called Primary roads, Secondary roads and Maintenance access ways. As with isolation and check valves, control valves and pressure-relief valves must be rated for the maximum allowable pressure of the interconnecting piping system. Minimum outlet pipe exit velocity. HDPE Pipe Sizes and Dimensions | A Complete Analysis Established maximum fill heights, feet | Download Table - ResearchGate It can be calculated from (Eq. Steel pipe is available in a variety of commercial sizes ranging from nominal 1/8 up to 60 in. Each fitting, valve, and flange can be certified as to the material, specification, and grade. The report includes the approximate miles of new pipelines constructed per year along with the reasoning and assumptions used to calculate these numbers. This is any 1-mile section of pipeline where multistory buildings are prevalent, traffic is heavy or dense, and where there may be numerous other utilities underground. 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE Users of this manual should familiarize themselves with the following pertinent citations: Surplus Property: Transportation Code, Section 202.029. (Eq. A more liberal spacing can be determined by using one of the many pipe stress calculation programs. A lock ( LockA locked padlock ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. He is also the author of the book "Piping Engineering Leadership for Process Plant Projects." Ladders that are located or extended more than 2.25 m above grade shall be provided with safety cages. ANSI Standard B31.3[2] specifically recommends that slip-on flanges not be used where mechanical vibration or large temperature cycles are encountered. On the return bend end of this exchanger there is a removable cover. When the API flange is bolted to an ANSI flange, the connection must be rated for the ANSI pressure rating. However, a number of other commonly available steel specifications and grades for pipe, flanges, valves, and fittings are available for low-temperature service without special testing. The allowable operating pressure and temperature and wall thickness of the fitting must be compatible with the pipe design. 2001. The specification and grade of pipe and fitting materials selected for the design must be compatible with each other chemically (e.g., carbon content) so that the fittings can be welded to the pipe. Use of pipeline standards and good practice guidance The most widely used maximum fill heights specified by state DOTs are between 3 m (10 ft) and 6 m (20 ft) ( Ardani et al. Pipeline Installation Engineering Specifications Specifications for Pipelines with Maximum Casing Diameter Of 48 Inches and Encased Gas Transmission Lines Crossing Under Railroad Tracks For Flammable Substances Scope allowable internal pressure in pipe, psi. and a vertical clearance of 12'- 0" (3.5m) (min.). Through new construction inspections, inspectors (PHMSA and State Partners) have discovered issues requiring immediate remediation by the operator prior to the pipeline being placed in service. ah0L3\26Ko|?$4^plgx:}L4$\~4AgUrR5*4Wu% "zR>BY ANSI/ASME Standard B31.1, Standard for Power Piping. HyTSwoc [5laQIBHADED2mtFOE.c}088GNg9w '0 Jb 2001. Washington, DC (2001). 3772 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[3764 17]/Info 3763 0 R/Length 59/Prev 382587/Root 3765 0 R/Size 3781/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream The split-disk check valves are mounted between flanges (wafer configuration), but the operating springs are easily subject to failure. The level glass should be readable from grade wherever practical.Wherever possible, orient level instruments on the side toward the operating aisle. Pressure-relief valves and devices prevent the piping system from exceeding the maximum allowable pressure. This article should only be used as a guide. 2003. Press release: Pirates sign four players from 2023 Draft - MLB.com In higher pressure where the pipe and fitting wall-thickness requirements become a cost factor (because of the extra weight of the steel), pipe and fittings manufactured to higher-strength steel specification and grade may be used. For colder-service conditions, A-106 and API 5L Grade B can operate to 50F, if the maximum operating pressure is less than 25% of the maximum allowable design pressure, and if the combined longitudinal stress because of pressure, dead weight, and displacement strain is less than 6,000 psi. The suction lines should be short and as direct as possible, and should step down from the equipment to the pump. In certain instances, pipes may be buried, providing they are adequately protected. Some companies use the more stringent ANSI/ASME Standard B31.3 for onshore facilities. Much of this was with Fluor. PSVs Discharging to Atmosphere: What to Consider - Process Ecology 3780 0 obj <>stream "F$H:R!zFQd?r9\A&GrQhE]a4zBgE#H *B=0HIpp0MxJ$D1D, VKYdE"EI2EBGt4MzNr!YK ?%_&#(0J:EAiQ(()WT6U@P+!~mDe!hh/']B/?a0nhF!X8kc&5S6lIa2cKMA!E#dV(kel }}Cq9 The nominal commercial pipe sizes from 1/8 through 12 in. The pressure drop in gas lines is typically low in gas-producing facilities because the piping segment lengths are short. specific gravity of the gas relative to air. API RP14C, Recommended Practice for Analysis, Design, Installation, and Testing of Basic Surface Safety Systems for Offshore Production Facilities, seventh edition. . Schedule 80, and 4 to 6 in. ASVAB minimum requirements: SEAL - GS+MC+EI=165 or VE+MK+MC+CS=220. This requirement may be waived, provided a review of the proposed arrangement indicates that it does not present a hazard. With this in mind the Air Coolers are normally located above pipeways. Safety cages should be provided on all ladders over 15'-0" (4.5m)The need for stairways should be determined by platform elevation, number of items requiring attention, observation and adjustment, and the frequency of items. A numbered location class, such as Location Class 1, refers only to the geography of that location or a similar area and does not necessarily indicate that a design factor of 0.72 will suffice for all construction in that particular location or area (e.g., in Location Class 1, all crossings without casings require a design factor, F, of 0.60). (Eq. For example, if a design would require that 0.500-in. Pipeline Construction | PHMSA The COVID-19 pandemic caused fewer days to be devoted to construction in 2020 and 2021, but PHMSA is returning to more regular inspection activities and expects the days to rebound. A maximum velocity of 15 ft/sec is often used to minimize the possibility of erosion by solids and water hammer caused by quickly closing a valve. Pipe the reservoir, compressor bearing, and seal oil vents to a safe location at least 6 feet above operator head level. and larger sizes refer to the outside diameter. Relief valves with a centerline elevation over 15 feet (4.5m) above high point of finish surface (except in pipeways) should be accessible from platform or permanent ladder.Pressure relief valves that discharge to a closed system should be installed higher than the collection header. There are four types of check valves: The swing check valve is suitable for nonpulsating flow and is not good for vertical-flow applications. Spliced poles shall not be used in the crossing span. ROW Utilities Manual: Texas Codes and Regulations - Texas Department of weight of pipe filled with water, lbm/ft. The alignment of equipment and routing of pipe should offer an organized appearance. This is any 1-mile section of pipeline that has more than 10 but fewer than 46 buildings intended for human occupancy. Design of Pipeline Systems - Right of Way. Laboratory Standard & Design Guidelines - Stanford University Standards Inst. 2001. Some common steels available include ASTM A-333 Grade 1 (50F), A-334 Grade 1(50 F), A-312 TP 304L (stainless steel, 425F), and A-312 TP 316L (stainless steel, 325F).Pipe and butt-weld fittings in ASTM A-53 Grade B, A-106 Grade B, A-333 Grade1, and API 5L Grade B and the "X" grades (X42 through X65) are acceptable for H2S service. However, the cost associated with the Standard B31.3 piping design may be substantial compared to the other codes and may not be necessary, especially for onshore facilities. Keeping the pump suction piping short ensures that the inlet pressure drop is as low as possible. specific gravity of the gas relative to air, The safety factor or code design application. 1Typical ASME/ANSI B16.5 and MSS SP 44 flange faces (courtesy of AMEC Paragon). For simplicity, we will discuss only the U.S. standards in this chapter. The American Petroleum Institute has issued guidance to U.S. pipeline operators to improve public awareness of pipelines. There are some applications where plastic, concrete, or other piping materials are both desirable and acceptable. Material traceability is another important feature of standardization. Each branch upstream of the first block valve should be pressure rated at this highest pressure at every location, where it can be isolated from any downstream pressure-relief valve. 6FA, Specification for Fire Testing Valves, third edition. Body and trim: cast iron, ductile iron, carbon steel, stainless steel, and NACE. ANSI flanges are less costly and more available than the API flanges and are used in the production facility. Maximum height of a ladder without a cage should not exceed 15'-0" (4.5m)Maximum vertical distance between platforms 30'- 0" (9m)Cages on ladders over 15'-0" (4.5m) high shall start at 8'-0" (2.5m) above grade.Minimum toe clearance behind a ladder 0'- 7" (200mm)Minimum handrail clearance 0'- 3" (80mm). https://petrowiki.spe.org/w/index.php?title=Pipeline_design_consideration_and_standards&oldid=46875, Copyright 2012-2023, Society of Petroleum Engineers. There are a number of good computer programs that calculate stresses in piping systems and compare them to the stresses allowed by the specific piping code. The various codes and standards may prescribe allowable tolerances for pipe-to-fitting thickness variances. Stacked shell and tube exchangers should be limited to four shells high in similar service; however, the top exchanger should not exceed a centerline elevation of 18 feet (5.5m) above high point of finished surface, unless mounted in a structure. Wall thickness calculations - using B31.3 Code, Wall thickness calculations - using B31.4 Code, Wall thickness calculations - using B31.8 code, Location Classes for Design and Construction, Wall thickness calculations - comparisons, Valve, fitting, and flange pressure ratings, Minimum wall thickness - pipe and fittings, Control valves and pressure - relief/safety devices.